The US constitution created three branches of government:

1. A legislature, or Congress, would make the nation's laws.
2. The executive branch - headed by the president - would apply the laws
3. A third branch of government - the Supreme Court - was established but the founding fathers did not specify its role in precise terms.

What does the constitution provide?

Article I : All legislative powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives.

Article II : The executive power shall be vested in a President of the United States of America.

Article III : The judicial power of the US shall be vested in one Supreme Court and in such inferior courts as the Congress may from time to time ordain and establish. 

Article IV : Federal-state and state-federal relationships.

Article V : Amendment procedures.

Article VI : Miscellaneous provisions, including the 'supremacy clause' - Congress and president are in of the country. Religion is not an obstacle to gain a position in government. 

Article VII : Ratification procedure of the constitution.